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Glossary of GIS Terms:Below is a list of common terms you may hear associated with GIS systems and their meanings. ESRIEnvironmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) is a company that designs and develops the world's leading geographic information system technology. Many of the GIS technologies used by Montgomery County are products by ESRI. GeodatabaseA geodatabase is a database designed to store, query,and manipulate geographic information and spatial data. A geodatabase can store records that associate the location of an object as well as the objects attributes. Geospatial DataGeospatial data is the data or information that identifies the geographic location of features and boundaries on Earth. Geospatial data is usually stored as coordinates and topology and this data can be mapped. The data is often analyzed and manipulated through a GIS. Google Earth®Google Earth is a large Geographic Information System and virtual globe. It maps the Earth by the superimposition of images obtained from satellite imagery and aerial photography. It is available in a free version and a paid version. GPSThe Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based radionavigation system that provides reliable positioning, navigation, and timing services to civilian users on a continuous worldwide basis -- freely available to all. GPS provides accurate location and time information for an unlimited number of people in all weather, day and night, anywhere in the world. LIDARLight Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) is an optical remote sensing technology that measures properties of scattered light to find range and/or other information of a distant target. Similar to RADAR technology LIDAR uses light laser pulses instead of radio waves to measure the range to an object. Microsoft Virtual Earth®Microsoft Virtual Earth is a geospatial mapping platform produced by Microsoft. It allows developers to create applications that layer location-relevant data on top of the Virtual Earth map imagery. Oblique ImageryOblique imagery is aerial photography that is captured at approximately a 45 degree angle with the ground. The angle of oblique imagery allows viewers to see and measure not only the top of objects but the sides as well. Oblique imagery more closely resembles how people normally view their landscape compared to traditional orthagonal (straight down) imagery. OrthoimageryOrthoimagery combines the image characteristics of an aerial photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. Unlike a normal aerial photograph, distortion and relief displacement is removed so ground features are displayed in their true planimetrically correct position. Orthoimagery supports making direct measurements of locations, distances, angles, directions, and areas while offering a realistic visualisation of the landscape. Orthoimagery gives us a perspective looking straight down. PictometryPictometry International is a GIS company that provides detailed aerial photography. Their oblique photographs show buildings, infrastructure, and land from all sides. Pictometry also shoots ortho photography giving a straight down view of the landscape. Their software allows a variety of measurements to be taken directly from the image, including height, distance, area, elevation and bearing. Its images can be overlaid with shapefiles and other GIS information. SchneiderThe Schneider Corporation is a company that provides GIS solutions to municipal, county and state government agencies. Montgomery County partners with Schneider to provide the ArcIMS GIS web site which contains real estate tax information, appraisal information, and interactive mapping. You can visit the web site at www.montgomeryassessor.org ShapefileA shapefile is a popular geospatial vector data format for GIS software. It is developed and regulated by ESRI. Shapefiles spatially describe points, polylines, and polygons. These, for example, could represent water wells, rivers, lakes, or road signs just to name a few. It is possible to read and write shapefiles using a variety of free and paid software programs. |
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Links to Public GIS Data
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